The name Hato Nuevo
The genesis of the name of Hato Nuevo elucidated with certainty that was due to the transfer that Don Pedro Recio de Oquendo made in 1680 from the old watering hole to the seat of the Bibanasí herd, placing it in the place that the town of Martí occupies today. From this date this place begins to be known with the name of Hato Nuevo.
The genesis of the name of Hato Nuevo elucidated with certainty that was due to the transfer that Don Pedro Recio de Oquendo made in 1680 from the old watering hole to the seat of the Bibanasí herd, placing it in the place that the town of Martí occupies today. From this date this place begins to be known with the name of Hato Nuevo.
Facts that motivated the name change
There is no certainty of the causes that motivated the city council to rename it with the name of Martí, the town of Hato Nuevo and the municipality of Guamutas, however the historical events are multi-causal and occur within a process during which contradictions, positions are unleashed policies and certain actions that determine it.
The causes were diverse, and can be found in the economic, social and political order and even religious, technological and geographical.
In the political order, the differences began in 1835 with the foundation in the town of Hato nuevo, which together with that of Guamutas formed part of the Cárdenas Judicial Party.
On January 1, 1879, the foundation of the municipality of Guamutas occurs; but contradictorily, the Municipal government and the new city council settled in the town of Hato Nuevo and not in Guamutas, a historical fact that shows the insipient differences that exist.
The Guamutas settlement had been created from the year 1778 managing to achieve certain economic development in livestock, agriculture and the Sugar Industry; However, Hato Nuevo, in just 44 years, was in a favorable position so that when the municipality was created, it was arranged that the government institutions would conform in this town and not in the first-born (Guamutas).
At the time of the foundation, the main limitations for economic prosperity were closely related to communications and the real possibility of establishing commercial relations, in this sense a geographic element of relevant landscape importance, the Sierra de Bibanasí isolated Guamutas, preventing the link with the city of Cárdenas by rail and establishing difficulties for the transport of goods through its steep hills and the absence of river sources with facilities for navigation and with access to the sea.
On the other hand, the existence of watering holes for cattle is one of the reasons that makes the settlement of Hato possible. "I make a new resting place in the way of the cattle traders."
On December 31, 1828, seven years before the settlement of Hato Nuevo, the Marina de Cárdenas subdelegation was created with four mayoralties, one of them on the Río La Palma located northeast of the Judicial Party of Guamutas.
The economic prosperity of the term, supported by the production of cane sugar, with 39 mills distributed throughout the territory, which made up a true empire, determined that on February 24, 1836, Don Vicente Barreto García, owner of the Santa mill Ana, received the privilege granted by the Cárdenas government for the opening of the San Mateo canal, the canal, fed by a group of artificial channels that make up the Cienaga de Majaguillar river network used the physical principle of the communicating vessels that allowed raising the water level at will, by means of gates made for this purpose, their manipulation allowed the transit of a group of barges that were carried by the current and brought back by mule tracks. (It was the first used in Cuba for commercial purposes).
The arrival of the Júcaro railway in May 1845 to the village of Sabanilla de la Palma, after the 6 ½ KM section from the town of Guanajayabo (Máximo Gómez) was completed and in 1854 to the town of Hato Nuevo (Martí), it was a determining element in this process.
Another apparently unimportant fact but one that marks the trend towards the positioning of Hato Nuevo, was undoubtedly the construction in 1873 of the Catholic cemetery, until that time the burials became Guamutas, the distance and the storms made communication with said place impossible in rainy season.
So far, according to the elements provided, it has been shown that geographical and economic causes favored social development that sharpened the contradictions between Hato Nuevo and Guamutas, but why Martí? If really, at that time the communications were essentially by correspondence and the social development of the term was very limited. As the residents of the Guamutas Judicial Party learned of the existence and greatness of the Apostle to make the political decision to pay tribute to him at such an early date.
It is evident that the War of '95 was not alien to its inhabitants. The burning of the town of Guamutas and its church by the insurgent forces allowed the parish priest to move the seat of the religious temple to that of Hato nuevo, which had been blessed January 18, 1877, on the other hand, Participation in the actions of the passage of the invasion towards west through the province of the forces of General Máximo Gómez who camped in the Ingenio Dolorita twice, on December 23, 1895 during what was called the lasso of the invasion and back to the Villas after separating from General Antonio Maceo in Havana, March 12, 1896.
These two historical events provided the opportunity for the residents of the term to learn about the political foundations of the war, which had been created by the genius of a man who transcended the borders of time with a verb lit in that, my own, of all the Cubans.
A last event that could have caused a certain patriotic euphoria days before the name change, occurred on December 12, 1898 when the insurgent troops who had fought against the Spanish in this territory entered the town of Hato Nuevo (Martí) and were part of of the liberating Army.
The final decision is hypothetical. Perhaps it was an intelligent solution to end a long process of contradictions and to be able to establish a correspondence between the name of the municipality and the geographical location of its government institutions.
On December 24, 1898, at the proposal of the Mayor and by unanimous agreement of the city council, the first worthy tribute to our National Hero was paid in the town of Hato Nuevo when the name of the Municipal Term of Guamutas and that of the town were replaced from Hato Nuevo for Martí.
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